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Qom (Persian: قم, also known as Q'um
or Ghom) is a city in Iran. It lies 156 kilometres (97 mi) by road
southwest of Tehran and is the capital of Qom Province. It has an
estimated population of 1,042,309 in 2005.[1] It is situated on the
banks of the Qom river.
Qom is considered to be a holy city in Shi`a Islam, as it is the
site of the shrine of Fatema Mć'sume, sister of Imam `Ali ibn Musa
Rida (Persian Imam Reza, 789–816 A.D.). The city is the largest
center for Shi'a scholarship in the world, and is a significant
destination of pilgrimage.
Qom as an urban settlement existed in the pre-Islamic ages.
Architectural discoveries indicate that Qom was a residential area
from the 5th millennium B.C. Pre-Islamic remaining relics and
historical texts point to the fact of Qom being a large regional
city. Kum was known to be the name of this ancient city, thus, the
incoming 7th century Arabs called it Qom during the conquests of
Iran.
During the caliphate of ˤUmar ibn al-Khattāb, the area of Qom fell
to the invading Arab armies of Islam. In 645 A.D., Abu Musa Ash'ari,
also dispatched forces under his command to the area. Conflicts
resulted between the incoming Arab army and the residents of the
area.
In Seljuki times, the city flourished as well. During the Mongol
invasion of Persia the city witnessed widespread destruction, but
after the Mongol ruling dynasty, also known as the Ilkhanate,
converted to Islam during the reign of Öljeitü (Persian Muhammad
Khudabćnde), the city received special attention, thus undergoing a
revival once more.
In the late 14th century, the city was plundered by Tamerlane and
the inhabitants were massacred. But during the periods of rule of
the Qara Qoyunlu, Aq Qoyunlu and especially during the reign of the
Safavids, Qom gained special attention and gradually developed due
to its religious shrine.
Area near the shrine of Hazrat Masuma-e-Qum
By 1503 Qom became one of the important centers of theology in
relation to the Shia Islam, and became a significant religious
pilgrimage site and pivot.
The city suffered heavy damages again during the Afghan invasions,
resulting in consequent severe economic hardships. Qom further
sustained damages during the reigns of Nadir Shah and the conflicts
between the two households of Zandieh and Qajariyeh in order to gain
power over Iran.
Finally in 1793 Qom came under the control of Agha Muhammad Khan
Qajar. On being victorious over his enemies, the Qajar Sultan Fćteh
Ćli Shah was responsible for the repairs done on the sepulchre and
Holy Shrine of Hćzrćt Mć'sume, as he had made such a vow.
The city of Qom began another era of prosperity in the Qajar era.
After Russian forces entered Karaj in 1915, many of the inhabitants
of Tehran moved to Qom due to reasons of proximity, and the transfer
of the capital from Tehran to Qom was even discussed. But the
British and Russians defeated prospects of the plan by putting Ahmad
Shah Qajar under political pressure. Coinciding with this period, a
"National Defense Committee" was set up in Tehran, and Qom turned
into a political and military apex opposed to the Russian and
British colonial powers.
Many years later, Qom also became the center from which Ayatollah
Khomeini based his opposition to the Pahlavi dynasty while in Iran.
For many years Qom was the home of Ayatollah Khomeini, who led Iran
during the events that led to the Islamic revolution in 1979 before
permanently leaving for Tehran after the revolution.
Peak of Eloquence · The Psalms of Islam · Book of Fundamentals · The
Book in Scholar's Lieu · Civilization of Laws · The Certainty · Book
of Sulaym ibn Qays · Oceans of Light · Wasael ush-Shia · Reality of
Certainty · Keys of Paradise
Today, Qom is counted as one of the focal centers of the Shi'a both
in Iran and around the globe. Its theological center and the Holy
Shrine of Hadrat Ma'sumah are prominent features of the provincial
capital of Qom province. Another religious site of pilgrimage is
outside the city of Qom and is called Jamkaran.
Qom's proximity to Tehran, Iran's capital, has allowed the clerical
establishment easy access to monitor the affairs and decisions of
state. Many grand ayatollahs hold offices in both Tehran and Qom;
many people simply commute between the two cities as they are only
100 km apart.
Qom is currently the largest center for Shi'a scholarship in the
world. There are an estimated 50,000 seminarians in the city coming
from 70 countries including 6000 from Pakistan. Qom has seminaries
for women and some non-Shia students. Most of the seminaries teach
their students modern social sciences and Western thought as well as
traditional religious studies.[2]
Dictionary:
http://www.ectaco.co.uk/English-Persian(Farsi)-Dictionary/
English - Persian dictionary (8180 words)
http://translate.eu/en/dictionaries/English_-_Persian_dictionary
(modern) Christianity in Iran
http://www.farsinet.com/icc/europe.html
-
Is Jesus The Promised Messiah? -
Aya Isa Masihe Mooud Ast? -
آيا
عيسى، مسيح موعود است؟
-
Did Jesus Become Man Yet Without Sin? -
Aya Isa Ensan Shod Vali Bedune Ghonah? -
آيا عيسى
انسان شد ولى بدون گناه؟
Knowing God -
Shenakhte Khoda #4 -
شناخت خدا ۴
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God's Wrath -
Qazabe Khoda -
غضب خدا
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Supremacy of God -
Azemate Khoda -
عظمت خدا
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God's Power -
Qodrate Khoda -
قدرت خدا
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The Only True God -
Tanha Khodaye Vaqeie -
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