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Etymology
The founding of Tabriz is shrouded in mystery and myth. Various
sources name the city as the possible site of the Biblical Garden of
Eden.
According to some sources, including Encyclopedia Britannica,[8] the
name Tabriz derives from "tap-riz" ("causing heat to flow" in
Iranian languages), from the many thermal springs in the area. Other
sources claim that in A.D. 246, to avenge his brother's death, king
Khosraw I of Armenia defeated Ardashir I of the Sassanid Empire and
changed the name of the city from Shahistan to Tauris, deriving from
"ta-vrezh" ("this revenge" in Grabar). In A.D. 297, it became the
capital of Tiridates III, king of Armenia.[11] However, this story
has popular origin and no ancient source has recorded such event.
This is based on accounts of Vardan, the Armenian historian in 14th
century.[12]
Medieval and renaissance history
In A.D. 791, Zubaidah, the wife of Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid,
rebuilt Tabriz[citation needed] after a devastating earthquake and
beautified the city so much as to obtain the credit for having been
its founder.
After the Mongol invasion, Tabriz came to eclipse Maragheh as the
later Ilkhanid capital of Azarbaijan until sacked by Tamerlane in
1392.[6] Chosen as a capital by Arghun Khan, fourth ruler of the
Ilkhanate, for its favored location in the northwestern
grasslands,[13] in 1295, his successor Ghazan Khan made it the chief
administrative center of an empire stretching from Egypt to the Oxus
River and from the Caucasus to the Indian Ocean. Under his rule new
walls were built around the city, and numerous public buildings,
educational facilities, and caravansaries were erected. The
Byzantine Gregory Choniades is said to have served as the city's
Orthodox bishop during this time.[citation needed]
From 1375 to 1468, Tabriz was the capital of Kara Koyunlu state in
Azarbaijan, and from 1469 to 1501 the capital of Ak Koyunlu state.
In 1501, Shah Ismail I entered Tabriz and proclaimed it the capital
of his Safavid dynasty. In 1514, after the Battle of Chaldiran,
Tabriz fell for a few months to the Ottomans, yet was returned and
remained a capital of Safavid Iranian empire until 1548, when Shah
Tahmasp I moved Safavid capital to Qazvin.
The Ottomans occupied Tabriz on a number of occasions during and
after the Safavid reign, including the period from 1585 to 1603.
Nevertheless, by the 17th century it was a major commercial center,
carrying out trade with the Ottoman Empire, Russia, central Asia,
and India. Later, the city was again occupied (1724) by the
Ottomans, and it was held by Russia in 1828.
[edit] Contemporary history
Constitutionalists of Tabriz The two men in the center are Sattar
Khan & Bagher Khan
Tabriz was the city where the Constitutional Revolution of Iran
started[15] in 1906 and where its leaders, Sattar Khan and Bagher
Khan came from. An American who died defending the Constitutional
Revolution, Howard Baskerville, is buried in Tabriz.
Because of the location of Tabriz (as a gate to the west for Iran),
many signs of modern life in Iran have first appeared in this city.
Because of this, Iranians have described Tabriz as a "City of
firsts".[16] These include:
* The first printing house of Iran was founded in Tabriz (1811).
* The first modern school of Iran was founded in Tabriz by Hassan
Roshdieh (1888). The language of instruction was Persian and Azari
Turkic.
* The first Iranian special school for deaf children was founded in
Tabriz by Jabbar Baghcheban (1924).
* The first Iranian special school for blind students was founded in
Tabriz by a German mission (1926).
* The first Iranian kindergarten was founded in Tabriz by Jabbar
Baghcheban (1923).
* The first modern-style municipality and city hall in Iran were
founded in Tabriz.
* Tabriz Chamber of Commerce was the first of its kind founded in
Iran (1906).
* The first public libraries in modern Iran were founded in Tabriz.
* The first movie theater in Iran was founded in Tabriz (1900). Also
the first movie theater in Tehran was founded by a Tabrizi (1921).
* Tabriz was the first city in Iran that got a Telephone system
(about 1900).
The famous Iranian historian, Ahmad Kasravi, was born in a nearby
village called Hokmavar. Samad Behrangi, a famous writer and
musicians, as well as Ali Salimi, Vahid Houseini, and Bigjeh-Khani
were Tar (lute) specialists from this city.
After World War II, the Soviets set up the communist Azerbaijan
People's Government in North Western Iran with its capital at
Tabriz. The new communist government, under the leadership of Jafar
Pishevari, held power for a year from 1946, then Tabriz was taken
back by Iran (on 1947) after the forced Soviet withdrawal.
Dictionary:
http://www.ectaco.co.uk/English-Persian(Farsi)-Dictionary/
English - Persian dictionary (8180 words)
http://translate.eu/en/dictionaries/English_-_Persian_dictionary
(modern) Christianity in Iran
http://www.farsinet.com/icc/europe.html
-
Is Jesus The Promised Messiah? -
Aya Isa Masihe Mooud Ast? -
آيا
عيسى، مسيح موعود است؟
-
Did Jesus Become Man Yet Without Sin? -
Aya Isa Ensan Shod Vali Bedune Ghonah? -
آيا عيسى
انسان شد ولى بدون گناه؟
Knowing God -
Shenakhte Khoda #4 -
شناخت خدا ۴
-
God's Wrath -
Qazabe Khoda -
غضب خدا
-
Supremacy of God -
Azemate Khoda -
عظمت خدا
-
God's Power -
Qodrate Khoda -
قدرت خدا
-
The Only True God -
Tanha Khodaye Vaqeie -
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